High levels of serum IL-10 indicate disease progression, extramedullary involvement, and poor prognosis in multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common malig-nant hematological tumor in adults, which is charac-terized by clonal malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and secretion of a large num-ber of abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulins (M pro-tein), leading to bone destruction, hypercalcemia, an?emia, and renal insufficiency (Alexandrakis et al., 2015;Yang et al., 2018). Since a large number of new drugs, represented by proteasome inhibitors and im-munomodulators, have been successfully used to treat MM, treatment efficacy and survival of patients have been significantly improved. However, due to the high heterogeneity of this disease, patients have responded differently to treatments with these new drugs (Pa-lumbo and Anderson, 2011;Wang et al., 2016;Huang et al., 2020). Growth and survival of MM cells de-pend on the bone marrow microenvironment, espe-cially numerous inflammatory cytokines secreted by myeloma cells and bone marrow stromal cells, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inter-leukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-10. These cytokines can promote the growth of myeloma cells, induce angiogenesis, and inhibit antitumor immunity, and are often linked to patient prognosis (Kumar et al., 2017).
involvement、prognosis、levels、high、disease、extramedullary、indicate、multiple、myeloma、poor
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C912.4;R684;R322.72
2022-11-22（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）
共11页
968-974,16-19
