Giant nipples and areola caused by hyperkeratosis:successful treatment by surgery

摘要：

IntroductionHyperkeratosis of nipples and areola (HNA) is a benign skin disease with unknown etiology, and is sporadic and clinically rare. It was first described by Tauber in 1923, and characterized by verrucous hyper-keratosis and dark brown pigmentation of nipples and/or areola”1”. Currently, the classification proposed by Levy-Franckel in 1938 is widely used”2”, which divides HNA into three types accoding to its clinical mani-festations:TypeⅠis characterized by the extension of epidermis nevus, involving only unilateral nipple and/or areola. TypeⅡis mostly bilateral, involving nipples and areolae, and usually accompanied by other skin diseases, for example ichthyosis, acanthosis nigricans, Darier”s disease, chronic eczema, allergic dermatitis, and skin T cell lymphoma. TypeⅢ is congenital or nevus-shaped, and mostly occurrs among 20 to 30 years old females, with involvement of bilateral nipples and/or areolae. Herein, we reported a female patient with hyper-keratosis of bilateral giant nipples and areolae, who was successfully treated by surgery in the Hospital for Dermatology.

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在线出版日期：2019-01-09（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）

页数：共3页

页码：237-239